A very broad, inclusive term for a right to payment on a debt. A claim can be contingent on future events occuring, for as-yet-undetermined amounts, or subject to serious dispute.
A "claim" may refer to the right to seek a recovery for a wrong or an injury done as well.
Bankruptcy professionals also often refer to a
creditor filing a "claim" in a bankruptcy case, typically meaning the filing of a document called a
proof of claim.